A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [PubChem]
Indication
Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
Pharmacology
Like other amino acids, glutamine is biochemically important as a constituent of proteins. Glutamine is also crucial in nitrogen metabolism. Ammonia (formed by nitrogen fixation) is assimilated into organic compounds by converting glutamic acid to glutamine. The enzyme which accomplishes this is called glutamine synthetase. Glutamine can then be used as a nitrogen donor in the biosynthesis of many compounds, including other amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines.
Toxicity
Doses of L-glutamine up to 21 grams daily appear to be well tolerated. Reported adverse reactions are mainly gastrointestinal and not common. They include constipation and bloating. There is one older report of two hypomanic patients whose manic symptoms were exacerbated following the use of 2 to 4 grams daily of L-glutamine. The symptoms resolved when the L-glutamine was stopped. These patients were not rechallenged, nor are there any other reports of this nature.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Enterocytes, Hepatic
Absorption
Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism
References
•
Boza JJ, Dangin M, Moennoz D, Montigon F, Vuichoud J, Jarret A, Pouteau E, Gremaud G, Oguey-Araymon S, Courtois D, Woupeyi A, Finot PA, Ballevre O: Free and protein-bound glutamine have identical splanchnic extraction in healthy human volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Jul;281(1):G267-74.
[Pubmed]
•
McAnena OJ, Moore FA, Moore EE, Jones TN, Parsons P: Selective uptake of glutamine in the gastrointestinal tract: confirmation in a human study. Br J Surg. 1991 Apr;78(4):480-2.
[Pubmed]
•
Morlion BJ, Stehle P, Wachtler P, Siedhoff HP, Koller M, Konig W, Furst P, Puchstein C: Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide after major abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Surg. 1998 Feb;227(2):302-8.
[Pubmed]
•
Jian ZM, Cao JD, Zhu XG, Zhao WX, Yu JC, Ma EL, Wang XR, Zhu MW, Shu H, Liu YW: The impact of alanyl-glutamine on clinical safety, nitrogen balance, intestinal permeability, and clinical outcome in postoperative patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of 120 patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl):S62-6.
[Pubmed]
Research Area: Metabolic Disease Biological Activity: L-Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. Its codons are CAA and CAG. Glutamine is a substance naturally produced in the body to help regulate cell growth and function. There may also be man-made versions of these substances. Glutamine is used along with human growth hormone and a specialized diet to treat short bowel syndrome.
White Crystalline Powder. Assay: 98.5-101.5% Specific rotation: +6.3 to +7.3 Loss on drying: <0.3% Residue on ignition: <0.3% Chloride: <0.5% Sulfate: <0.03% Iron: <0.003% Heavy metals: <0.0015% Organic volatile impurities: passes
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-谷氨酰胺是一种基本氨基酸，是作为细胞培养主要能源的培养基所必不可少的组成部分。L-谷氨酰胺干粉和冷冻溶液十分稳定。但液体培养基或储存液中的 L-谷氨酰胺分解相对较快。使用前，通常需要补充含·L-谷氨酰胺的培养基，以获得最佳细胞性能。 包装 1 kg in poly bottle 100, 250, 500 g in poly bottle 法律信息 ReagentPlus 注册商标 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-谷氨酰胺是一种基本氨基酸，是作为细胞培养主要能源的培养基所必不可少的组成部分。L-谷氨酰胺干粉和冷冻溶液十分稳定。但液体培养基或储存液中的 L-谷氨酰胺分解相对较快。使用前，通常需要补充含·L-谷氨酰胺的培养基，以获得最佳细胞性能。 L-glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media, and serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the medium with L-glutamine prior to use. 包装 50 mL amber serum vial with rubber stopper. Reconstitution Prepares a 200 mM solution when reconstituted to 10 mL with sterile water. Suitability Qualified for use in cell culture applications, especially serum-free cell culture. Other Notes The dipeptide L-Ala-LGln is frequently used in modern serum-free media formulations because it provides a more stable form of glutamine in vitro.
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-谷氨酰胺是一种基本氨基酸，是作为细胞培养主要能源的培养基所必不可少的组成部分。L-谷氨酰胺干粉和冷冻溶液十分稳定。但液体培养基或储存液中的 L-谷氨酰胺分解相对较快。使用前，通常需要补充含·L-谷氨酰胺的培养基，以获得最佳细胞性能。 包装 10 mg in autosmp vl
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-谷氨酰胺是一种基本氨基酸，是作为细胞培养主要能源的培养基所必不可少的组成部分。L-谷氨酰胺干粉和冷冻溶液十分稳定。但液体培养基或储存液中的 L-谷氨酰胺分解相对较快。使用前，通常需要补充含 L-谷氨酰胺的培养基，以获得最佳细胞性能。 Preparation Note Prepared in cell culture grade water. 法律信息 Hybri-Max 商标 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-谷氨酰胺是一种基本氨基酸，是作为细胞培养主要能源的培养基所必不可少的组成部分。L-谷氨酰胺干粉和冷冻溶液十分稳定。但液体培养基或储存液中的 L-谷氨酰胺分解相对较快。使用前，通常需要补充含 L-谷氨酰胺的培养基，以获得最佳细胞性能。 Preparation Note 用细胞培养级超纯水制备。 Application L-glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media, which serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the medium with L-glutamine prior to use.
Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. Packaging 2.5 g in glass bottle
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. Packaging 1 kg in poly bottle
Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use.
Biochem/physiol Actions L-glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. Protocols & Applications ECACC Handbook-Fundamental Techniques in Cell Culture
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. Other Notes In culture medium for hypothalamic neurons1; Spacer in isotachophoresis of serum proteins2; Growth requirement of various microorganisms3.
Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use.
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Analysis Note This certified reference material (CRM) is produced and certified in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34. This CRM is traceable to NIST SRM. Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. General description Certified content by quantitative NMR incl. uncertainty and expiry are given in the certificate.Download your certificate at: http://www.sigma-aldrich.com. Legal Information TraceCERT is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC
Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. General description This certified reference material (CRM) is produced and certified in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34. Other Notes Values of analytes vary lot to lot.
Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use.
Frequently Asked Questions Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product. Biochem/physiol Actions L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use. Packaging Manufactured and packaged under cGMP
L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however
An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.
References
PubChem Literature
From Data Sources
• Jian ZM, Cao JD, Zhu XG, Zhao WX, Yu JC, Ma EL, Wang XR, Zhu MW, Shu H, Liu YW: The impact of alanyl-glutamine on clinical safety, nitrogen balance, intestinal permeability, and clinical outcome in postoperative patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of 120 patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl):S62-6. Pubmed
• Morlion BJ, Stehle P, Wachtler P, Siedhoff HP, Koller M, Konig W, Furst P, Puchstein C: Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide after major abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Surg. 1998 Feb;227(2):302-8. Pubmed
• McAnena OJ, Moore FA, Moore EE, Jones TN, Parsons P: Selective uptake of glutamine in the gastrointestinal tract: confirmation in a human study. Br J Surg. 1991 Apr;78(4):480-2. Pubmed
• Boza JJ, Dangin M, Moennoz D, Montigon F, Vuichoud J, Jarret A, Pouteau E, Gremaud G, Oguey-Araymon S, Courtois D, Woupeyi A, Finot PA, Ballevre O: Free and protein-bound glutamine have identical splanchnic extraction in healthy human volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Jul;281(1):G267-74. Pubmed
• Watford, M., et al.: Metabolism, 49, 141 (1985)
• Wilmore, D., et al.: J. Nutr., 131, 2543S (1985)
• Rivett, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 260, 300 (1985)
