• Aryl glyoxals have been used in the formation of 1,5-disubstituted hydantoins and thiohydantoins; J. Heterocycl. Chem., 18, 1651 (1981); the reaction was subsequently reported to be accelerated under solvent-free conditions using microwaves: Synthesis, 75 (2002).
• Also find extensive use in multi-component reactions to obtain a wide variety of heterocycles including butenolides: Org. Lett., 3, 2875 (2001); oxazoles via a Passerini reaction: Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1107 (1991), and pyrazines via a four-component Ugi reaction: Synthesis, 1553 (2003).
刺激性 (Xi)