• Hata, A., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 640 (1996)
• Naito, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 44, 624 (1996)
• More highly-substituted ylides can be prepared by alkylation (e.g. with benzyl bromide) and abstraction of a proton by NaOH. See, e.g.: Synth. Commun., 19, 1899 (1989).
•
Coumarins have been synthesized from o-hydroxy acetophenones: Monatsh. Chem., 115, 765 (1984); o-hydroxy aldehydes give the 4-unsubstituted analogues: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 3100 (1991); 42, 2032 (1994); Indian J. Chem. B, 32, 1159 (1993):

• Reaction with acid chlorides leads to esters of allenic acids. See, e.g.: Org. Synth. Coll., 7, 232 (1990).
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Stable crystalline ylide which reacts with aldehydes giving substituted ethyl acrylates. This reaction has been used in an indole synthesis from o-nitrobenzaldehydes: Synthesis, 862 (1984); 401 (1987):
