An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the pseudomonas species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, nebramycin, produced by the same species. [PubChem]
Indication
For the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections. Also being investigated for use in the treatment of sinus infections.
Pharmacology
Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces tenebrarius, is used in combination with other antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections, gynecologic infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis, respiratory infections including those associated with cystic fibrosis, osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot and other soft-tissue infections. It acts primarily by disrupting protein synthesis, leading to altered cell membrane permeability, progressive disruption of the cell envelope, and eventual cell death. Tobramycin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Toxicity
LD50=441mg/kg (s.c. in mice)
Affected Organisms
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Absorption
The bioavailability of tobramycin may vary because of individual differences in nebulizer performance and airway pathology.
Half Life
The elimination half-life of tobramycin from serum is approximately 2 hours after intravenous (IV) administration.
