Substance
ID:596
Names and Identifiers
Synonyms
ApomorphineApomorphine Hydrochloride HemihydrateApormorphineL-ApomorphineVR-400Apomorphine HydrochlorideApomorfinApomorphinium Chloride HemihydrateapomorphineVR004VR-040
Brand Name
ApokynIxenseUprima
IUPAC Traditional name
apomorphine
IUPAC name
(9R)-10-methyl-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0^{2,7}.0^{13,17}]heptadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,13(17),14-hexaene-3,4-diol
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
3.1
Solubility
1.66E+004 mg/L
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved; investigational
Description
A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. [PubChem]
Indication
For the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes (end-of-dose wearing off and unpredictable on/off episodes) associated with advanced Parkinson's disease.
Pharmacology
Apomorphine is a type of dopaminergic agonist, a morphine derivative which primarily affects the hypothalamic region of the brain. Drugs containing this substance are sometimes used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease or erectile dysfunction. In higher doses it is a highly effective emetic.
Toxicity
LD50=0.6 mmoles/kg (mice, intraperitoneal)
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
100% following subcutaneous administration
Half Life
40 minutes (range 30 - 60 minutes)
Protein Binding
~50%-albumin
Distribution
* 123 to 404 L
Clearance
* 223 L/hr
References
•
Matsumoto K, Yoshida M, Andersson KE, Hedlund P: Effects in vitro and in vivo by apomorphine in the rat corpus cavernosum. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;146(2):259-67.
[Pubmed]
•
SCHWAB RS, AMADOR LV, LETTVIN JY: Apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1951;56:251-3.
[Pubmed]
•
Cotzias GC, Papavasiliou PS, Fehling C, Kaufman B, Mena I: Similarities between neurologic effects of L-dipa and of apomorphine. N Engl J Med. 1970 Jan 1;282(1):31-3.
[Pubmed]
•
Corsini GU, Del Zompo M, Gessa GL, Mangoni A: Therapeutic efficacy of apomorphine combined with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 1979 May 5;1(8123):954-6.
[Pubmed]
•
Chaudhuri KR, Clough C: Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. BMJ. 1998 Feb 28;316(7132):641.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
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References
• SCHWAB RS, AMADOR LV, LETTVIN JY: Apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1951;56:251-3. Pubmed
• Matsumoto K, Yoshida M, Andersson KE, Hedlund P: Effects in vitro and in vivo by apomorphine in the rat corpus cavernosum. Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;146(2):259-67. Pubmed
• Corsini GU, Del Zompo M, Gessa GL, Mangoni A: Therapeutic efficacy of apomorphine combined with an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors in Parkinson's disease. Lancet. 1979 May 5;1(8123):954-6. Pubmed
• Chaudhuri KR, Clough C: Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease. BMJ. 1998 Feb 28;316(7132):641. Pubmed
• Cotzias GC, Papavasiliou PS, Fehling C, Kaufman B, Mena I: Similarities between neurologic effects of L-dipa and of apomorphine. N Engl J Med. 1970 Jan 1;282(1):31-3. Pubmed