Molecule

Description

Cancer

Description

MC1568 is a selective HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 220 nM.

Targets

IC₅₀

In Vitro

MC1568 is a selective class II (IIa) histone deacetylas (HDAC II) inhibitor with IC50 of 220 nM and 176-fold class II selectivity (against class I). In human breast cancer ZR-75.1 cell lysates, MC1568 (5 μM) shows no inhibitory activity against HDAC1 but is able to inhibit HDAC4. ^[1]In MCF-7 cells, MC1568 (20 μM) increases the accumulation of acetylated H3 and H4 histones, as well as the levels of acetyl-tubulin, which indicates a inhibitory effect of MC1568 on HDAC6. ^[2]In C2C12 cells, MC1568 (5 μM) arrests myogenesis by decreasing myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) expression, stabilizing the HDAC4-HDAC3-MEF2D complex, and by inhibiting differentiation-induced MEF2D acetylation. ^[3]MC1568 (5 or 10 μM) interferes with the RAR- and PPARγ-mediated differentiation-inducing signaling pathways. In F9 cells, MC1568 specifically blocks endodermal differentiation despite not affecting retinoic acid-induced maturation of promyelocytic NB4 cells. In 3T3-L1 cells, MC1568 attenuates PPARγ-induced adipogenesis. ^[4]

In Vivo

In mice, MC1568 (50 mg/kg) shows an apparent tissue-selective HDAC inhibition. In skeletal muscle and heart, MC1568 inhibits the activity of HDAC4 and HDAC5 without affecting HDAC3 activity, thereby leaving MEF2-HDAC complexes in a repressed state. ^[3]In reporting PPRE-Luc mice, MC1568 (50 mg/kg) impairs PPARγ signaling mostly in the heart and adipose tissues. ^[4]In a recent study of pancreatic explants, MC1568 enhances expression of Pax4, a key factor required for proper β-and δ-cell differentiation and amplifies endocrine β- and δ-cells. ^[5]

Clinical Trials

Features

Maize HD2, HD1-B, and HD1-A Enzyme Inhibition.

The enzyme liberats tritiated acetic acid from the substrate, which is quantified by scintillation counting. IC50 values are results of triple determinations. A 50 μL sample of maize enzyme (at 30 °C) is incubated (30 min) with 10 μL of total [³H]acetate-prelabeled chicken reticulocyte histones (2 mg/mL). Reaction is stopped by addition of 50 μL of 1 M HCl/0.4 M acetate and 800 μL of ethyl acetate. After centrifugation (1×10⁴ g, 5 min), an aliquot of 600 μL of the upper phase is counted for radioactivity in 3 mL of liquid scintillation cocktail. MC1568 is tested at a starting concentration of 40 μM, and active substances are diluted further. NaB, VPA, TSA, SAHA, ⁸⁵ TPX, HC-toxin, and tubacin are used as the reference compounds, and blank solvents are used as negative controls.

Cell Lines

3T3-L1 cells

Concentrations

~10 μM, dissolved in DMSO

Incubation Time

8 days

Methods

The 3T3-L1 cells are propagated and differentiated using a cocktail of isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. From the second day post-confluence and throughout the differentiation period of 8 days, the 3T3-L1 cells are induced by: (1) no induction: at post-confluence and throughout the differentiation period of 8 days, the cells are incubated with DMSO or MC1568. (2) troglitazone: at post-confluence and throughout the differentiation period of 8 days, the cells are induced with 5 μM troglitazone, MC1568, or both. (3) rosiglitazone: at post-confluence and throughout the differentiation period of 8 days, the cells are incubated with 1?μM rosiglitazone and either DMSO or MC1568. (4) rosiglitazone and dexamethasone: at post-confluence, the cells received 1?μM of rosiglitazone and 390?ng/mL dexamethasone. Throughout the differentiation period of 8 days, the cells are induced with 1?μM of rosiglitazone and either DMSO or MC1568. All medium is renewed every second day.

Animal Models

PPRE-Luc transgenic mouse (C57BL/6)

Formulation

Dissolved in water solution of 0.5% carbossimetilcellulose

Doses

50 mg/kg

Administration

By gavage once a day