• In combination with NaBr in acetonitrile, has been used for the mono-dealkylation of phosphonate diesters: Synthesis, 453 (1983).
•
For use in the formation of polysubstituted cyclopropanes by carbene-type addition to double bonds, see Ethyl chloroacetate, A15554.• For use in the dialkylation of malonate esters to give cyclopropane derivatives, see: Synthesis, 54 (1985); Org. Synth. Coll., 7, 411 (1993).
• Phase-transfer catalyst (see Appendix 2) which has found wide application in the generation of carbenes from haloforms and related precursors: Org. Synth. Coll., 7, 12 (1990); 8, 223 (1993). Dihalocarbenes have been used to convert primary amines (t-butylamine) to isonitriles: Org. Synth. Coll., 6, 232 (1988), and in the dehydration of amides, thioamides and oximes to nitriles: Tetrahedron Lett., 2121 (1973). Ureas give cyanamides.
Irritant (Xi)