• Electron acceptor in studies of catalytic properties of oxoreductases in cellular organelles: Anal. Biochem., 131, 404 (1983). Reducing agent for cytochrome c.
• Powerful electron donor which readily forms stable, dark blue radical cation: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61, 1981 (1939); 65, 1747 (1943), which is involved in a wide variety of redox reactions: