• With aldehydes in the presence of ammonia, 2-substituted 3-thiazolines are formed which can be dehydrogenated to the corresponding thiazoles with DDQ or chloranil: Synthesis, 294 (1974).
• Conjugate addition to acrylates leads to tetrahydrothiophene and dihydrothiophene derivatives: Synth. Commun., 14, 483 (1984); J. Org. Chem., 60, 844 (1995):