物质信息
ID:716235
名称和标识
IUPAC传统名
formic acid
IUPAC标准名
formic acid
别名
Formic acid甲酸
化合物性质
理化性质
沸点
100-101°C
折射率
1.3710
闪点
50°C(156°F)
密度
1.220
熔点
7-9°C
安全信息
GHS危险品标识
急性毒性（口服，皮肤接触，吸入），类别1,2,3
易燃气体类别1
易燃气溶胶，第1,2类
易燃液体，类别1,2,3
自反应物质和混合物，类型B，C，D，E，F
自燃液体类别1
自燃固体类别1
自我放热物质和混合物，类别1,2
与水接触的物质和混合物，放出易燃气体类别1,2,3
有机过氧化物，类别B，C，D，E，F
腐蚀金属，类别1
腐蚀皮肤，类别1A，1B，1C
严重眼损伤，类别1
GHS危险声明
H331-H302-H314-H318-H226
TSCA收录
是
联合国危险货物等级
8
GHS警示性声明
P210-P241-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501A
联合国危险货物包装类别(PG)
II
保存注意事项
Hygroscopic
欧盟危险性物质标志
腐蚀性 (C)联合国危险货物编号
UN1779
安全公开号
23-26-45
RTECS编号
LQ4900000
危险公开号
35
产品相关信息
纯度
97%
描述信息
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分子图谱
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参考文献
• Instead of the unstable formic anhydride, formylations may be carried out with formic acid and acetic anhydride to generate the mixed acetic formic anhydride in situ. For a review, see: Tetrahedron, 46, 1081 (1990). This reagent has been used for the deoxygenation of tertiary amine oxides: Chem. Lett., 1517 (1985).
• Dehydration with sulfuric acid can be used to generate CO in situ. Subsequent reaction with tertiary carbocations gives the corresponding carboxylic acid (the Koch-Haaf carboxylation). For examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 5, 20, 739 (1973); improved procedure: Synth. Commun., 19, 1945 (1989). 1,4-Diols in which one alcohol is tertiary give -lactones: Chem. Lett., 1187 (1982).
• In combination with Selenium(IV) oxide, 12358, improved results have been obtained in the allylic oxidation of sterically-hindered olefins: Synth. Commun., 24, 29213 (1994).
• Cleaves trityl groups selectively in the presence of benzylidene acetals or TBDMS ethers: Tetrahedron Lett., 27, 579 (1986).
• Used in combination with formaldehyde in the Eschweiler-Clarke reductive methylation of amines, the formic acid acting as a hydride donor. Review: Org. React., 5, 290 (1949). For an example, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 723 (1955).
• In the presence of Raney nickel alloy, reduces aromatic nitriles to aldehydes in high yield: J. Chem. Soc., 5775 (1965); for list of examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 6, 631 (1988).
• Hydrogen donor, in combination with Pd on carbon, in catalytic transfer hydrogenations; see, e.g.: Selective reduction of dinitroarenes to nitroanilines: J. Org. Chem., 45, 4992 (1980). Dehalogenation of aryl halides: Synthesis, 876 (1982). Hydrogenation of aromatic rings: Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 7477 (1992). See also Palladium, A12012, Cyclohexene, A11359, and Ammonium formate, A10699. For a comparative mechanistic study of formic acid and formate salts in hydrogenolysis of aryl chlorides, see: J. Org. Chem., 60, 1347 (1995).