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The Adams modification of the Gattermann reaction for aromatic formylation by reaction with Zinc cyanide, L15836, and HCl is exemplified: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 549 (1955). The Vilsmeier formylation (see N,N-Dimethylformamide, A13547), has been extended to less activated substrates, including mesitylene, by use of the combination of DMF and triflic anhydride: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1571 (1990).• For conversion to mesitoic acid by Friedel-Crafts reaction with oxalyl chloride, and aqueous work-up, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 5, 706 (1973).