D—teratogenic

Oral, intravenous

Rx-only (US)

POM (UK)

Concentration-dependent, from 90% at 40 μg/mL to 81.5% at 130 μg/mL

9–16 h

Hepatic—glucuronide conjugation 30–50%, mitochondrial β-oxidation over 40%

Rapid absorption

Valproic+acid

Less than 3% excreted unchanged in urine.