• Free base form of 'Water-soluble' carbodiimide. For applications see following entry. In the presence of CuCl2, (E)- or (Z)-2-substituted 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate esters can be dehydrated stereoselectively to the corresponding (E) or (Z)-cinnamates: Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 5019 (1999).