Substance
ID:776
Names and Identifiers
IUPAC name
ethanol
IUPAC Traditional name
ethyl alcohol
Synonyms
Alcool EthyliqueAlcool EtilicoEthyl AlcoholEthyl HydroxideEthyl HydrateMethylcarbinolAlkoholAlkoholu EtylowegoEtanoloBeta-HydroxyethylamineUSAF EK-1597AlcoholAlcohol, DehydratedAlcohol, DilutedHSDB 531Beta-EthanolamineDehydrated EthanolDenatured EthanolEthanol AnhydrousEthyl Alcohol AnhydrousAlcohol AnhydrousEthyl Alcohol, AnhydrousAbsolute AlcoholAminoethanolBeta-AminoethanolCaswell No. 426Ethanol 200 ProofEthyl Alcohol, DenaturedEthylolamineEthylolEthanolBeta-Aminoethyl AlcoholDenatured AlcoholETAEthanol Extra PureAbsolute Ethanol
Brand Name
AnhydrolColamineDenatured Alcohol Sd-17Denatured Alcohol Sd-28Envision Conditioner Pdd 9020Ethanol Absolute BpJaysol SMethylated Spirit MineralisedSynasolDenatured Alcohol Sd-23aDenatured Alcohol Sd-40mEthanol AbsoluteEthanol, Silent SpiritEthyl Alcohol & Water, 60%JaysolAethanolAethylalkoholDenatured Alcohol Cd-10Denatured Alcohol Cd-5Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 5%Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 80%PyroReagent AlcoholThanolDenatured Alcohol Sd-1Denatured Alcohol Sd-13aDenatured Alcohol Sd-3aEthyl Alcohol & Water, 10%Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 30%Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 95%GlycinolSpiritTecsolThiofaco M-50AlgrainDenatured Alcohol Cd-5aDenatured Alcohol Sd-30Denatured Alcohol Sd-39bDenatured Alcohol Sd-39cEthyl Alcohol & Water, 40%Alcare Hand DegermerEthyl Alcohol & Water, 20%Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 50%Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 70%Ethyl Alcohol & Water, 96%Tecsol C
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-0.1
Solubility
Miscible in water
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved
Description
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages. [PubChem]
Indication
For therapeutic neurolysis of nerves or ganglia for the relief of intractable chronic pain in such conditions as inoperable cancer and trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), in patients for whom neurosurgical procedures are contraindicated.
Pharmacology
Alcohol produces injury to cells by dehydration and precipitation of the cytoplasm or protoplasm. This accounts for its bacteriocidal and antifungal action. When alcohol is injected in close proximity to nerve tissues, it produces neuritis and nerve degeneration (neurolysis). Ninety to 98% of ethanol that enters the body is completely oxidized. Ethanol is also used as a cosolvent to dissolve many insoluble drugs and to serve as a mild sedative in some medicinal formulations. Ethanol also binds to GABA, glycine, NMDA receptors and modulates their effects. Ethanol is also metabolised by the hepatic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.
Toxicity
Oral, rat LD50: 5628 mg/kg. Symptoms and effects of overdose include nausea, vomiting, CNS depression, acute respiratory failure or death and with chronic use, severe health problems, such as liver and brain damage.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic. Metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed.
References
•
Snyder R, Kalf GF: A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24(3):177-209.
[Pubmed]
•
Chastain G: Alcohol, neurotransmitter systems, and behavior. J Gen Psychol. 2006 Oct;133(4):329-35.
[Pubmed]
•
McDonnell G, Russell AD: Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79.
[Pubmed]
•
Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Vale JA: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(4):415-46.
[Pubmed]
•
Hingson R, Winter M: Epidemiology and consequences of drinking and driving. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(1):63-78.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
Click here to submit data
References
• Chastain G: Alcohol, neurotransmitter systems, and behavior. J Gen Psychol. 2006 Oct;133(4):329-35. Pubmed
• Snyder R, Kalf GF: A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1994;24(3):177-209. Pubmed
• Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Vale JA: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(4):415-46. Pubmed
• Hingson R, Winter M: Epidemiology and consequences of drinking and driving. Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(1):63-78. Pubmed
• McDonnell G, Russell AD: Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79. Pubmed