• For reviews of polyvalent iodine compounds in organic synthesis, see: Synthesis, 709 (1984); Chem. Rev., 96, 1123 (1996). For monographs, see: A. Varvoglis, The Organic Chemistry of Polycoordinated Iodine, VCH, N.Y. (1992); A. Varvoglis, Hypervalent Iodine in Organic Synthesis, Academic Press, San Diego (1996).
• Diphenyliodonium salts are widely used as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization: Macromolecules, 10, 1307 (1977); review: Adv. Polym. Sci., 62, 1 (1982).
• C-Phenylation of the anions derived from malonic esters, ?-keto esters and arylacetic esters: J. Org. Chem., 28, 714 (1963). Arylation of ketones: J. Org. Chem., 31, 4315 (1966). ?-Diketones can be arylated either as monoanions: Tetrahedron, 8, 49 (1960); J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 2819 (1962), or as dianions: J. Org. Chem., 29, 3514 (1964), where reaction occurs at the more reactive (terminal) carbon; see, e.g. (1-phenylation of 2,4-pentanedione): Org. Synth. Coll., 6, 928 (1988). For arylation of Grignard reagents and cyanide ion, see: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75, 2708 (1953), and of nitro-compounds: J. Org. Chem., 28, 1424 (1963); 29, 2108 (1964). Other reactions reported include: O-Phenylation of aryloxides: J. Chem. Soc., 2645 (1961), alkoxides and oximes: J. Org. Chem., 40, 3010 (1975); 36, 1780 (1971); S-Phenylation of sulfides: J. Org. Chem., 36, 233 (1971); N-Phenylation of heterocycles: Tetrahedron, 1, 145 (1957); J. Org. Chem., 39, 2710 (1974).
• They are also useful phenylating agents for a variety of anions: