Substance
ID:71
Names and Identifiers
Synonyms
O-ChloroxazepamL-Lorazepam AcetateLorazepam(+/-)-LorazepamO-Chlorooxazepam
IUPAC name
7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Brand Name
Pro DormTavorLorabenzLorazepam IntensolPunktylSedazinLoraxLorsilanAlmazineAlzapamAplacasseeEmotivalPsicopaxQuaitSedativalSomagerolWypaxAnxiedinIdalpremLorazAtivanBonatranquanDelormetazepamSecuritTemesta
IUPAC Traditional name
@lorazepam
Properties
Physical Property
Solubility
0.08 mg/mL
Hydrophobicity(logP)
3.5
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved
Description
A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. [PubChem]
Indication
For the management of anxiety disorders, and for treatment of status epilepticus.
Pharmacology
Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine not transformed to active metabolites, is used to treat anxiety, status epilepticus, and for sedation induction and anterograde amnesia.
Toxicity
Somnolence, confusion, and coma, LD50=3178mg/kg (orally in mice).
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
Readily absorbed with an absolute bioavailability of 90%.
Half Life
12 hours
Protein Binding
85%
Elimination
Lorazepam is rapidly conjugated at its 3-hydroxy group into lorazepam glucuronide which is then excreted in the urine.
References
•
Kemper N, Poser W, Poser S: [Benzodiazepine dependence: addiction potential of the benzodiazepines is greater than previously assumed (author's transl)] Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1980 Dec 5;105(49):1707-12.
[Pubmed]
•
Lader M: Short-term versus long-term benzodiazepine therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 1984;8 Suppl 4:120-6.
[Pubmed]
•
Maltais F, Laberge F, Laviolette M: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1996 May;109(5):1195-8.
[Pubmed]
•
Heisterkamp DV, Cohen PJ: The effect of intravenous premedication with lorazepam (ativan), pentobarbitone or diazepam on recall. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Jan;47(1):79-81.
[Pubmed]
•
Milligan DW, Howard MR, Judd A: Premedication with lorazepam before bone marrow biopsy. J Clin Pathol. 1987 Jun;40(6):696-8.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
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References
• Milligan DW, Howard MR, Judd A: Premedication with lorazepam before bone marrow biopsy. J Clin Pathol. 1987 Jun;40(6):696-8. Pubmed
• Heisterkamp DV, Cohen PJ: The effect of intravenous premedication with lorazepam (ativan), pentobarbitone or diazepam on recall. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Jan;47(1):79-81. Pubmed
• Maltais F, Laberge F, Laviolette M: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1996 May;109(5):1195-8. Pubmed
• Kemper N, Poser W, Poser S: [Benzodiazepine dependence: addiction potential of the benzodiazepines is greater than previously assumed (author's transl)] Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1980 Dec 5;105(49):1707-12. Pubmed
• Lader M: Short-term versus long-term benzodiazepine therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 1984;8 Suppl 4:120-6. Pubmed