Drug Groups

approved; investigational

Description

An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the pseudomonas species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, nebramycin, produced by the same species. [PubChem]

Indication

For the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections. Also being investigated for use in the treatment of sinus infections.

Pharmacology

Tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces tenebrarius, is used in combination with other antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections, gynecologic infections, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis, respiratory infections including those associated with cystic fibrosis, osteomyelitis, and diabetic foot and other soft-tissue infections. It acts primarily by disrupting protein synthesis, leading to altered cell membrane permeability, progressive disruption of the cell envelope, and eventual cell death. Tobramycin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Toxicity

LD₅₀=441mg/kg (s.c. in mice)

Affected Organisms

Absorption

The bioavailability of tobramycin may vary because of individual differences in nebulizer performance and airway pathology.

Half Life

The elimination half-life of tobramycin from serum is approximately 2 hours after intravenous (IV) administration.

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