Substance
ID:56
Names and Identifiers
Synonyms
Adenosine triphosphateAdenosine 5'-triphosphateATPAdenosine-5'-triphosphate5'-ATPAdenosine 5'-triphosphoric acidAdenosine, 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)Adenylpyrophosphoric acidTriphosphoric acid adenosine ester
IUPAC name
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
IUPAC Traditional name
adenosine triphosphate
Brand Name
CardenosineGlucobasinStriadyneAtipiPhosphobionAdetolFosfobionTriphosphadenAdephosAdynolAtriphosMyotriphosTriadenyl
Properties
Physical Property
Solubility
1000 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996); freely soluble]
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-5.5
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved; nutraceutical
Description
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. [PubChem]
Indication
For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance
Pharmacology
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP daily. This means that each ATP molecule is recycled 2000 to 3000 times during a single day. ATP cannot be stored, hence its consumption must closely follow its synthesis.
Toxicity
Oral LD50 in rats is > 2 g/kg.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
References
•
Gajewski E, Steckler DK, Goldberg RN: Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate to adenosine 5'-diphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12733-7.
[Pubmed]
•
Storer AC, Cornish-Bowden A: Concentration of MgATP2- and other ions in solution. Calculation of the true concentrations of species present in mixtures of associating ions. Biochem J. 1976 Oct 1;159(1):1-5.
[Pubmed]
•
Wilson JE, Chin A: Chelation of divalent cations by ATP, studied by titration calorimetry. Anal Biochem. 1991 Feb 15;193(1):16-9.
[Pubmed]
•
Garfinkel L, Altschuld RA, Garfinkel D: Magnesium in cardiac energy metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Oct;18(10):1003-13.
[Pubmed]
•
Parsons M: Glycosomes: parasites and the divergence of peroxisomal purpose. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Aug;53(3):717-24.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
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References
• Wilson JE, Chin A: Chelation of divalent cations by ATP, studied by titration calorimetry. Anal Biochem. 1991 Feb 15;193(1):16-9. Pubmed
• Garfinkel L, Altschuld RA, Garfinkel D: Magnesium in cardiac energy metabolism. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Oct;18(10):1003-13. Pubmed
• Gajewski E, Steckler DK, Goldberg RN: Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate to adenosine 5'-diphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12733-7. Pubmed
• Parsons M: Glycosomes: parasites and the divergence of peroxisomal purpose. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Aug;53(3):717-24. Pubmed
• Storer AC, Cornish-Bowden A: Concentration of MgATP2- and other ions in solution. Calculation of the true concentrations of species present in mixtures of associating ions. Biochem J. 1976 Oct 1;159(1):1-5. Pubmed