Substance
ID:440
Names and Identifiers
IUPAC Traditional name
hydroxyzine
Synonyms
HydroxizineHydroxyzinHidroxizina [INN-Spanish]HydroxizinumHydroxyzyneIdrossizina [Dcit]Hydroxyzine PamoateHydroxyzine HclHydroxyzine BaseHydroxycineHydroksyzyny [Polish]Hydroxyzinum [INN-Latin]HydroxineHydroxyzine
IUPAC name
2-(2-{4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethoxy)ethan-1-ol
Brand Name
AtaroxDeinaitHychotinePaxistilVistaril PamoateVistazineAtaraxAtaraxoidAtarazoidAtazinaOrgatraxQuiessFenarolPlaxidolTran-QTranquizineTraquizineVistarilNeurozinaNevrolaksPamazonePlacidolVesparaz-WirkstoffAteraxDurraxEquipoiseEquiposeHy-Pam 25MasmoranNeo-CalmaAlamonAtara
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
2.7
Solubility
< 700 mg/mL
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved
Description
A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite cetirizine, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative. [PubChem]
Indication
For symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in organic disease states in which anxiety is manifested. Useful in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria.
Pharmacology
Hydroxyzine, a piperazine antihistamine structurally related to buclizine, cyclizine, and meclizine, is used to treat histamine-mediated pruritus or pruritus due to allergy, nausea and vomiting, and, in combination with an opiate agonist, anxiolytic pain. Hydroxyzine is also used as a perioperative sedative and anxiolytic and to manage acute alcohol withdrawal. Hydroxyzine's active metabolite, cetirizine, is also used as an H1-antagonist.
Toxicity
Oral, rat LD50: 950 mg/kg. Symptoms of overexposure include hypersedation.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Half Life
20 to 25 hours
Protein Binding
93%
References
•
HUTCHEON DE, MORRIS DL, SCRIABINE A: Cardiovascular action of hydroxyzine (atarax). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1956 Dec;118(4):451-60.
[Pubmed]
•
DOLAN CM: Management of emotional disturbances; use of hydroxyzine (atarax) in general practice. Calif Med. 1958 Jun;88(6):443-4.
[Pubmed]
•
Clark BG, Araki M, Brown HW: Hydroxyzine-associated tardive dyskinesia. Ann Neurol. 1982 Apr;11(4):435.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
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References
• Clark BG, Araki M, Brown HW: Hydroxyzine-associated tardive dyskinesia. Ann Neurol. 1982 Apr;11(4):435. Pubmed
• DOLAN CM: Management of emotional disturbances; use of hydroxyzine (atarax) in general practice. Calif Med. 1958 Jun;88(6):443-4. Pubmed
• HUTCHEON DE, MORRIS DL, SCRIABINE A: Cardiovascular action of hydroxyzine (atarax). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1956 Dec;118(4):451-60. Pubmed