Substance
ID:44
Names and Identifiers
IUPAC name
(2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid
Synonyms
Vitamin MPteroyl-L-glutamic acidFolic AcidPteroyl-L-monoglutamic acidVitamin BePteroylmonoglutamic acidPteroylglutamic acidVitamin BcVitamin B9FolatePGA
Brand Name
FolcidinFoldineFolsavFolviteIncafolicFolsaureMillafolFolicetAcifolicApo-FolicDosfolat B activFolacinFolsanFolacidFolbalFoliaminFolipacCytofolFolettesFolvron
IUPAC Traditional name
folic acid
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-2.5
Solubility
Slight
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved; nutraceutical
Description
A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. [PubChem]
Indication
For treatment of folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anemia and in anemias of nutritional supplements, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood.
Pharmacology
Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, kidneys, yeast, and leafy, green vegetables. Folic acid is used to diagnose folate deficiency and to treat topical sprue and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, hematologic complications resulting from a deficiency in folic acid.
Toxicity
IPR-MUS LD50 85 mg/kg,IVN-GPG LD50 120 mg/kg, IVN-MUS LD50 239 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD50 500 mg/kg, IVN-RBT LD50 410 mg/kg
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Protein Binding
Very high to plasma protein
Elimination
Folic Acid is metabolized in the liver to 7, 8-dihydrofolic acid and eventually to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid with the aid of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPNH) and folate reductases. A majority of the metabolic products appeared in the urine after 6 hours; excretion was generally complete within 24 hours. Folic Acid is also excreted in the milk of lactating mothers.
References
•
Kamen B: Folate and antifolate pharmacology. Semin Oncol. 1997 Oct;24(5 Suppl 18):S18-30-S18-39.
[Pubmed]
•
Fenech M, Aitken C, Rinaldi J: Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Jul;19(7):1163-71.
[Pubmed]
•
Zittoun J: [Anemias due to disorder of folate, vitamin B12 and transcobalamin metabolism] Rev Prat. 1993 Jun 1;43(11):1358-63.
[Pubmed]
•
Alaimo K, McDowell MA, Briefel RR, Bischof AM, Caughman CR, Loria CM, Johnson CL: Dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. Adv Data. 1994 Nov 14;(258):1-28.
[Pubmed]
•
Raiten DJ, Fisher KD: Assessment of folate methodology used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). J Nutr. 1995 May;125(5):1371S-1398S.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
Click here to submit data
References
• Kamen B: Folate and antifolate pharmacology. Semin Oncol. 1997 Oct;24(5 Suppl 18):S18-30-S18-39. Pubmed
• Fenech M, Aitken C, Rinaldi J: Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Jul;19(7):1163-71. Pubmed
• Raiten DJ, Fisher KD: Assessment of folate methodology used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). J Nutr. 1995 May;125(5):1371S-1398S. Pubmed
• Zittoun J: [Anemias due to disorder of folate, vitamin B12 and transcobalamin metabolism] Rev Prat. 1993 Jun 1;43(11):1358-63. Pubmed
• Alaimo K, McDowell MA, Briefel RR, Bischof AM, Caughman CR, Loria CM, Johnson CL: Dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. Adv Data. 1994 Nov 14;(258):1-28. Pubmed