Substance
ID:34
Names and Identifiers
IUPAC Traditional name
creatine
IUPAC name
2-(1-methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid
Synonyms
Creatine(alpha-Methylguanido)acetic acidN-Methyl-N-guanylglycineN-AmidinosarcosineMethylguanidoacetic acidCreatine, hydrateCreatine (8CI)
Brand Name
Cosmocair C 100CreatinKreatinPhosphagenPyrolysateKrebiozon
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-0.2
Solubility
13.3 mg/mL at 18 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved; nutraceutical
Description
An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as creatinine in the urine. [PubChem]
Indication
For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance
Pharmacology
Creatine is a essential, non-proteinaceous amino acid found in all animals and, in some plants. Creatine is synthesized in the kidney, liver and pancreas from L-arginine, glycine and L-methionine. Following its biosynthesis, creatine is transported to the skeletal muscle, heart, brain and other tissues. Most of the creatine is metabolized in these tissues to phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate). Phosphocreatine is a major energy storage form in the body. Supplemental creatine may have an energy-generating action during anaerobic exercise and may also have neuroprotective and cardioprotective actions.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Half Life
3 hours
References
•
Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA, Candow DG: Effect of alpha-lipoic acid combined with creatine monohydrate on human skeletal muscle creatine and phosphagen concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):294-302.
[Pubmed]
•
Dangott B, Schultz E, Mozdziak PE: Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation increases satellite cell mitotic activity during compensatory hypertrophy. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):13-6.
[Pubmed]
•
Hespel P, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M, Urso B, Greenhaff PL, Labarque V, Dymarkowski S, Van Hecke P, Richter EA: Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):625-33.
[Pubmed]
•
Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, Cederblad G, Greenhaff PL: Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol. 1996 Jul;81(1):232-7.
[Pubmed]
•
Juhn M: Popular sports supplements and ergogenic aids. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):921-39.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
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References
• Hespel P, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M, Urso B, Greenhaff PL, Labarque V, Dymarkowski S, Van Hecke P, Richter EA: Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):625-33. Pubmed
• Juhn M: Popular sports supplements and ergogenic aids. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):921-39. Pubmed
• Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, Cederblad G, Greenhaff PL: Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol. 1996 Jul;81(1):232-7. Pubmed
• Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA, Candow DG: Effect of alpha-lipoic acid combined with creatine monohydrate on human skeletal muscle creatine and phosphagen concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Sep;13(3):294-302. Pubmed
• Dangott B, Schultz E, Mozdziak PE: Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation increases satellite cell mitotic activity during compensatory hypertrophy. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):13-6. Pubmed