Substance
ID:320
Names and Identifiers
Synonyms
AllopurinolAllopurinol SodiumAlopurinol [INN-Spanish]Allopurinolum [INN-Latin]
IUPAC Traditional name
ALLO
IUPAC name
1H,2H,4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one
Brand Name
AllopurAlluralAnoprolinTakanaruminUrbolUricemilUritasUrosinZyloprimDabrosonEpidropalGichtexRemidSigapurolSuspendolAiluralAllo-PurenAloralAlulineCaplenalCellidrinMonarchRiballUrobenylUrtiasXanturatZyloricBloxanthEpuricFoliganHPPHexanuretLedopurUriprimUrolitUrtias 1007HPAloprimApo-AllopurinolGotaxLopurinMiluritNektrohanProgoutPurinolApulongaApurolAtisurilBleminolDabrosinGeapurAdenockAllozymAlositolAnziefKetobun-ALysuronMiniplanorUripurinolAllohexalApurinCosuricDura AlEmbarinHamarinKetanrift
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-1
Solubility
569 mg/L
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved
Description
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. [PubChem]
Indication
For the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with primary or secondary gout. Also indicated for the treatment of primary or secondary uric acid nephropathy, with or without the symptoms of gout, as well as chemotherapy-induced hyperuricemia and recurrent renal calculi.
Pharmacology
Allopurinol, a structural analog of the natural purine base hypoxanthine, is used to prevent gout and renal calculi due to either uric acid or calcium oxalate and to treat uric acid nephropathy, hyperuricemia, and some solid tumors.
Toxicity
LD50=214 mg/kg (in mice)
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
Approximately 80-90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Half Life
1-3 hours
Protein Binding
Allopurinol and oxypurinol are not bound to plasma proteins
Elimination
Approximately 20% of the ingested allopurinol is excreted in the feces.
References
•
Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabo C: Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):87-114.
[Pubmed]
•
Schlesinger N: Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians. Postgrad Med. 2010 Mar;122(2):157-61.
[Pubmed]
•
Suzuki I, Yamauchi T, Onuma M, Nozaki S: Allopurinol, an inhibitor of uric acid synthesis--can it be used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders? Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 May;45(5):363-78.
[Pubmed]
•
Terkeltaub R: Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Jan;6(1):30-8.
[Pubmed]
•
George J, Struthers AD: Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):265-72. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
Click here to submit data
References
• Schlesinger N: Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians. Postgrad Med. 2010 Mar;122(2):157-61. Pubmed
• Terkeltaub R: Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010 Jan;6(1):30-8. Pubmed
• Suzuki I, Yamauchi T, Onuma M, Nozaki S: Allopurinol, an inhibitor of uric acid synthesis--can it be used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and related disorders? Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 May;45(5):363-78. Pubmed
• George J, Struthers AD: Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):265-72. Epub 2009 Apr 8. Pubmed
• Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabo C: Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 Mar;58(1):87-114. Pubmed