Substance
ID:28
Names and Identifiers
IUPAC name
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
IUPAC Traditional name
L-glutamic acid
Synonyms
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid(S)-(+)-Glutamic acidL-(+)-Glutamic acidL-Glutamic Acida-Glutamic acidL-GlutamateL-a-Aminoglutaric acidL-Glutaminic acidGlutamic acid2-Aminoglutaric acid2-Aminopentanedioic acidGlutaminic acida-Aminoglutaric acid(S)-Glutamic acid
Brand Name
GlutacidAciglutGlutamicolGlusateGlutamidexGlutaminolGlutaton
Properties
Physical Property
Solubility
8.57 mg/mL at 25 oC [BULL,HB et al. (1978)]
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-3.3
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved; nutraceutical
Description
A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. [PubChem]
Indication
Considered to be nature's "Brain food" by improving mental capacities; helps speed the healing of ulcers; gives a "lift" from fatigue; helps control alcoholism, schizophrenia and the craving for sugar.
Pharmacology
In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons.
Toxicity
Glutamate causes neuronal damage and eventual cell death, particularly when NMDA receptors are activated, High dosages of glutamic acid may include symptoms such as headaches and neurological problems.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes.Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism.
References
•
Smith QR: Transport of glutamate and other amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):1016S-22S.
[Pubmed]
•
Okumoto S, Looger LL, Micheva KD, Reimer RJ, Smith SJ, Frommer WB: Detection of glutamate release from neurons by genetically encoded surface-displayed FRET nanosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8740-5. Epub 2005 Jun 6.
[Pubmed]
•
Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F: Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):978S-82S.
[Pubmed]
•
Corrie JE, DeSantis A, Katayama Y, Khodakhah K, Messenger JB, Ogden DC, Trentham DR: Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L-glutamate from a 'caged' L-glutamate. J Physiol. 1993 Jun;465:1-8.
[Pubmed]
•
Augustin H, Grosjean Y, Chen K, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Nonvesicular release of glutamate by glial xCT transporters suppresses glutamate receptor clustering in vivo. J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 3;27(1):111-23.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
Click here to submit data
References
• Augustin H, Grosjean Y, Chen K, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Nonvesicular release of glutamate by glial xCT transporters suppresses glutamate receptor clustering in vivo. J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 3;27(1):111-23. Pubmed
• Corrie JE, DeSantis A, Katayama Y, Khodakhah K, Messenger JB, Ogden DC, Trentham DR: Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L-glutamate from a 'caged' L-glutamate. J Physiol. 1993 Jun;465:1-8. Pubmed
• Okumoto S, Looger LL, Micheva KD, Reimer RJ, Smith SJ, Frommer WB: Detection of glutamate release from neurons by genetically encoded surface-displayed FRET nanosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8740-5. Epub 2005 Jun 6. Pubmed
• Smith QR: Transport of glutamate and other amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):1016S-22S. Pubmed
• Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F: Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):978S-82S. Pubmed