Substance
ID:247
Names and Identifiers
Brand Name
LeponexFazaclo ODTLepotexClozarilAsaleptinIprox
IUPAC name
6-chloro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,9-diazatricyclo[9.4.0.0^{3,8}]pentadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,9,12,14-heptaene
Synonyms
ClozapineClozapin
IUPAC Traditional name
6-chloro-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,9-diazatricyclo[9.4.0.0^{3,8}]pentadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,9,12,14-heptaene
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
2.7
Solubility
11.8 mg/L
Molecule Details
Drug Groups
approved
Description
A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. [PubChem]
Indication
For use in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Pharmacology
Clozapine is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives and is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clozapine is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for the serotonin Type 2 (5HT2), dopamine Type 2 (D2), 1 and 2 adrenergic, and H1 histaminergic receptors. Clozapine acts as an antagonist at other receptors, but with lower potency. Antagonism at receptors other than dopamine and 5HT2 with similar receptor affinities may explain some of the other therapeutic and side effects of Clozapine. Clozapine's antagonism of muscarinic M1-5 receptors may explain its anticholinergic effects. Clozapine's antagonism of histamine H1 receptors may explain the somnolence observed with this drug. Clozapine's antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug.
Toxicity
Clozapine carries a black-box warning for agranulocytosis.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
Rapid and almost complete
Half Life
8 hours (range 4-12 hours)
Protein Binding
97% (bound to serum proteins)
Elimination
Approximately 50% of the administered dose is excreted in the urine and 30% in the feces.
References
•
Alvir JM, Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Schwimmer JL, Schaaf JA: Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Incidence and risk factors in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 15;329(3):162-7.
[Pubmed]
•
Vaddadi KS, Soosai E, Vaddadi G: Low blood selenium concentrations in schizophrenic patients on clozapine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):307-9.
[Pubmed]
•
Naheed M, Green B: Focus on clozapine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001;17(3):223-9.
[Pubmed]
•
Lane HY, Chang YC, Chang WH, Lin SK, Tseng YT, Jann MW: Effects of gender and age on plasma levels of clozapine and its metabolites: analyzed by critical statistics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;60(1):36-40.
[Pubmed]
External Links
Molecular Spectra
No Data Available
Click here to submit data
References
• Alvir JM, Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Schwimmer JL, Schaaf JA: Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Incidence and risk factors in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 15;329(3):162-7. Pubmed
• Naheed M, Green B: Focus on clozapine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001;17(3):223-9. Pubmed
• Vaddadi KS, Soosai E, Vaddadi G: Low blood selenium concentrations in schizophrenic patients on clozapine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):307-9. Pubmed
• Lane HY, Chang YC, Chang WH, Lin SK, Tseng YT, Jann MW: Effects of gender and age on plasma levels of clozapine and its metabolites: analyzed by critical statistics. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;60(1):36-40. Pubmed