A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. [PubChem]
Indication
For the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Haemophilus influenzae.
Pharmacology
Azlocillin, similar to mezlocillin and piperacillin, is an acylampicillin with an extended spectrum of activity and greater in vitro potency than the carboxy penicillins. Azlocillin demonstrates antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and, in contrast to most cephalosporins, exhibits activity against enterococci.
Affected Organisms
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Biotransformation
Eliminated predominantly by renal mechanisms, but also undergoes biotransformation within body tissues and intraintestinal degradation by bowel bacteria, with high concentrations found in bile.
Absorption
Not significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Half Life
Mean elimination half-life is 1.3 to 1.5 hours. Longer in neonates, and 2 to 6 hours in patients with renal impairment.
Protein Binding
20 to 46% bound to plasma proteins
References
•
Wright AJ: The penicillins. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999 Mar;74(3):290-307.
[Pubmed]