• For use of DBN in the aldol condensation, see: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 3245 (1968). For esterification of thermally unstable carboxylic acids with diethyl sulfate at ambient temperature, see: Synth. Commun., 6, 89 (1976). For use in the alkylation of thiols with dihalomethanes, see: Synthesis, 952 (1980). In refluxing xylene, DBN and DBU cleave hindered esters, e.g. mesitoates, by alkyl-oxygen cleavage: Tetrahedron Lett., 3987 (1972); J. Org. Chem., 38, 1223 (1973).
• The bicyclic amidines, DBN and DBU are strong organic bases initially introduced as reagents for dehydrohalogenation in vitamin A synthesis: Chem. Ber., 99, 2012 (1966).