Molecule

Drug Groups

approved

Description

A vasodilator used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Its actions are similar to nitroglycerin but with a slower onset of action. [PubChem]

Indication

For the prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease.

Pharmacology

Isosorbide Dinitrate is a moderate to long acting oral organic nitrate used for the relief and prophylactic management of angina pectoris. It relaxes the vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the latter. Dilatation of the veins promotes peripheral pooling of blood and decreases venous return to the heart, thereby reducing left ventricular end- diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (preload). Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance, systolic arterial pressure, and mean arterial pressure.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include reduced cardiac output and hypotension.

Affected Organisms

Biotransformation

Hepatic

Absorption

Absorption of isosorbide dinitrate after oral dosing is nearly complete, but bioavailability is highly variable (10% to 90%), with extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. The average bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate is about 25%.

Half Life

1 hour

Protein Binding

Very low

Distribution

* 2 to 4 L/kg

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