An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpromazine. [PubChem]
Indication
For use in the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders and for the control of severe nausea and vomiting in adults.
Pharmacology
Perphenazine is a piperazinyl phenothiazine, acts on the central nervous system, and has a greater behavioral potency than other phenothiazine derivatives whose side chains do not contain a piperazine moiety. It is a member of a class of drugs called phenothiazines, which are dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonists. Perphenazine is 10 to 15 times as potent as chlorpromazine; that means perphenazine is a highly potent antipsychotic. In equivalent doses it has approximately the same frequency and severity of early and late extrapypramidal side-effects compared to Haloperidol.
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include stupor or coma, and children may have convulsive seizures. Signs of arousal may not occur for 48 hours. Oral LD50=318 mg/kg (rat); IPR LD50=64 mg/kg (mouse)
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic.
Absorption
Absolute bioavailability is 40% following oral administration.
Half Life
8-12 hours, but ranges up to 20 hours.
Elimination
Perphenazine is extensively metabolized in the liver to a number of metabolites by sulfoxidation, hydroxylation, dealkylation, and glucuronidation.
Biochem/physiol Actions D2 dopamine receptor antagonist; α-adrenergic receptor antagonist and σ-receptor agonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic. Inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase in vitro. Other Notes Tandem Mass Spectrometry data independently generated by Scripps Center for Metabolomics is available to view or download in PDF. P6402.pdf Tested metabolites are featured on Scripps Center for Metabolomics METLIN Metabolite Database. To learn more, visit sigma.com/metlin.
Harmful (Xn)