A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases immunity, and provides energy for muscle tissue, brain, and the central nervous system. [PubChem]
Indication
Used for protein synthesis.
Pharmacology
Is an important source of energy for muscle tissue, the brain and central nervous system; strengthens the immune system by producing antibodies; helps in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids.
包装 10 mg in autosmp vl Biochem/physiol Actions L-Alanine is a nonessential amino acid which is highly concentrated in muscle. It is a key player in the Glucose-Alanine cycle, which enables the removal of pyruvate and glutamate from muscle to the liver. Once in the liver, glucose is regenerated from pyruvate and returned to the muscle while glutamate ultimately participates in the urea cycle to form urea. The Glucose-Alanine cycle aides to conserve ATP in muscle for muscle contraction, while the energy burden of gluconeogenesis is imposed upon the liver.
包装 1 g in poly tube 1 kg in poly bottle 100, 500 g in poly bottle Biochem/physiol Actions Alanine is a nonessential amino acid that plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between muscle tissue and the liver. In amino acid-degrading tissues such as muscle, amino groups are pooled as glutamate by transamination reactions. The amino group of glutamate is transferred to pyruvate via alanine aminotransferase, forming alanine and α-ketoglutarate. The alanine is passed into the blood and transported to the liver. This reaction is reversed in the liver where pyruvate can be used in gluconeogenesis to form glucose, which may return to other tissues through the circulatory system. Increased alanine levels correlate with higher blood pressure, energy intake, cholesterol levels, and body mass index.
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• ɑ-Amino acids can be converted to the corresponding ɑ-chloro acids with a high degree of retention of configuration, by diazotization in the presence of HCl: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76, 6054 (1954). The intermediate is thought to be a rigid oxiranone which prevents racemization. For an improved technique and list of examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 8, 119 (1993):
Bioactivity
PubChem BioAssay
Properties
Physical Property
Hydrophobicity(logP)
-2.8
Solubility
164 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]