Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus. [PubChem]
Indication
Used in combination with up to 5 other drugs as a treatment for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and is also used to treat tuberculosis (TB).
Pharmacology
Cycloserine, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, may be bactericidal or bacteriostatic, depending on its concentration at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism. Cycloserine works by blocking the formation of these peptidoglycans. By doing this the walls of the bacteria become weak and it results in the death of the bacteria
Toxicity
Oral LD50 in mouse is 5290 mg/kg, and in rat is over 5000 mg/kg. Symptoms of a cycloserine overdose include drowsiness, confusion, headache, dizziness, irritability, numbness and tingling, difficulty speaking, paralysis, abnormal behavior, seizures, and unconsciousness.
Affected Organisms
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Absorption
Rapidly and almost completely absorbed (70 to 90%) from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration.
Half Life
Half-life in patients with normal renal function is 10 hours, and is prolonged in patients with impaired renal function.
Biochem/physiol Actions Inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase and other pyridoxal-phosphate-requiring transaminases1; blocks sphingosine biosynthesis by inhibition of ketosphinganine synthetase.
Biochem/physiol Actions Inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase and other pyridoxal-phosphate-requiring transaminases1; blocks sphingosine biosynthesis by inhibition of ketosphinganine synthetase.
