Molecule

Drug Groups

approved

Description

A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites.

Indication

For the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum. It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Pharmacology

Hydroxychloroquine possesses antimalarial properties and also exerts a beneficial effect in lupus erythematosus (chronic discoid or systemic) and acute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The precise mechanism of action is not known.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include headache, drowsiness, visual disturbances, cardiovascular collapse, and convulsions, followed by sudden and early respiratory and cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram may reveal atrial standstill, nodal rhythm, prolonged intraventricular conduction time, and progressive bradycardia leading to ventricular fibrillation and/or arrest.

Affected Organisms

Biotransformation

Partially hepatic, to active de-ethylated metabolites.

Absorption

Very rapidly and completely absorbed following oral administration.

Half Life

Terminal elimination half-life In blood is approximately 50 days. In plasma it is approximately 32 days.

Protein Binding

Approximately 45%.

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