In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew approval for pemoline. In March 2005, Abbott Laboratories (Cylert marketer) had discontinued the production of Cylert arguing economic reasons.
Indication
For treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Pharmacology
Pemoline belongs to the group of medicines called central nervous system (CNS) stimulants. It is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pemoline stimulates the brain, probably by affecting neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that nerves use to communicate with each other.
Toxicity
Side effects include insomnia, anorexia, stomach ache, skin rashes, increased irritability, mild depression, nausea, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and hallucinations
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation
Hepatic
Absorption
Pemoline is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Half Life
The serum half-life of pemoline is approximately 12 hours.
Protein Binding
Approximately 50% (bound to plasma proteins).
Elimination
Pemoline is excreted primarily by the kidneys with approximately 50% excreted unchanged and only minor fractions present as metabolites.
Biochem/physiol Actions Pemoline is a CNS stimulant. Pemoline is used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pemoline is a Schedule IV drug and offers some advantages over other stimulants in that it does not reduce the appetite or cause dry mouth.
Biochem/physiol Actions Pemoline is a CNS stimulant. Pemoline is used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pemoline is a Schedule IV drug and offers some advantages over other stimulants in that it does not reduce the appetite or cause dry mouth.
A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.
References
PubChem Literature
From Data Sources
• Connors, C.K., et al.: Psychopharacolgia, 26, 321 (1972)
USDEA Schedule IV; Home Office Schedule 4.2; psychotrope; kontrollierte Droge in Deutschland; regulated under CDSA - not available from Sigma-Aldrich Canada
USDEA Schedule III; Home Office Schedule 4.2; regulated under CDSA - not available from Sigma-Aldrich Canada
Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face particle respirator type N100 (US), Gloves, respirator cartridge type N100 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter, type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges, type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face particle respirator type N100 (US), Gloves, respirator cartridge type N100 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter, type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Harmful (Xn)
Flammable (F)
Toxic (T)