• Biagioni, S., et al., Anal. Biochem. , 89 : 616 (1978).
• For a brief feature on uses of the reagent in synthesis, see: Synlett, 2156 (2006).
• Effects deoxygenation of diaryl sulfoxides. Alkyl sulfoxides undergo ɑ-chlorination, which can be avoided by using cyanuric fluoride: Synthesis, 221 (1980).
• For use, in combination with DMSO, in a mild and efficient alternative to the Swern oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, see: J. Org. Chem., 66,7907 (2001).
• Reagent for dehydration of aldoximes: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1226 (1972), and primary carboxamides: Synthesis, 657 (1980) to nitriles. The Vilsmeier-type complex with DMF also converts aldoximes cleanly to nitriles; ketoximes undergo the Beckmann rearrangement at room temperature in high yield: J. Org. Chem., 67, 6272 (2002). The complex converts primary and secondary alcohols to alkyl chlorides in high yield; addition of NaBr affords mainly the alkyl bromide: Org. Lett., 4, 553 (2002); whereas with 4 eq. of LiF, primary alcohols are selectively formylated, providing a mild and convenient method for their protection: J. Org. Chem., 67, 5152 (2002).
• In the presence of triethylamine, carboxylic acids are converted to their acid chlorides, allowing in situ formation of esters, amides and peptides: Tetrahedron Lett., 20, 3037 (1979). Similarly, sulfonic acids are converted to sulfonyl chlorides: Tetrahedron Lett., 44, 1499 (2003). ω-Hydroxy acids are converted to their lactones: Tetrahedron Lett., 21, 1893 (1980). Mild reagent in ?-lactam synthesis: Synthesis, 209 (1981). Carboxylic acids, including N-Boc, -Fmoc and -Cbz amino acids have been converted to alcohols in good yield by activation with cyanuric chloride and N-methylmorpholine (NMM), followed by reduction with aqueous NaBH4: Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 4395 (1999). Hydroxamic acids can also be prepared in a simple one-flask method using hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presennce of NMM and DMAP: Org. Lett., 5, 2715 (2003).
Irritant (Xi)
Highly toxic (T+)
